First aid for common cold Common cold Common cold is a viral infection that causes runny rose, sore throat, cough and sometimes joint pains or fever. Sometimes there will b e mild diarrhea for small children. Unfortunately many people think that this common cold is trivial. Cold passes away quickly but it will also lead to serious disease. Germs will rapidly grow when the body is weak. In such cases it leads to sinus infection, pneumonia as well as ear infection. First aid for common cold You should drink lot of water as well as you should have enough rest. You should inhale steam which helps for clearing stuffy nose. There is no special diet required. However, fruit juices like lemonade or orange juice should be taken and it is helpful for the problem you are facing. Flu and colds go away without any taking medicines. In case if you have lower fever and for relieving headaches and body aches you can take Aspirin. Better than aspirin there is no other expensive medi
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WOUNDS AND BLEEDING When any tissue of the body example skin, muscle, bone etc, is town or cut by injury, a wound is caused. There will be bleeding from the injured part and it also forms and opening through which germs can get into the body. The depth of a wound is often more important than its area, small deep wounds caused by knives, bullets, etc are often the more dangerous. Types of Wounds Incised wounds are caused by sharp instruments like razor, knife, etc. The blood vessels are clean out and so these wounds bleed very much. Confused wounds are caused by blunt instruments or by crushing. The tissues are bruised. Lacerated wounds are caused by machinery, falls on rough surfaces, pieces of shells, claw of animals etc. These wounds have torn and irregular edges and they bleed less. Punctured wounds are caused by stabs by any sharp instruments like a dagger or a knife. They have small openings, but may be very deep. Dangers of Wounds Bleeding is t
DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES Dressings: A dressing is a protective covering applied to a would to prevent infection, to absorb discharge, to control bleeding and to avoid further injury. An efficient dressing should be sterile and have a high degree of porosity to allow for oozing and sweating. 1. Adhesive Dressings These sterile dressings are of different kinds and consist of a pad of absorbent gauze of cellulose, held in place by a layer of adhesive material. The surroundings skin must be dry before application and all the edges dressing are supplied in paper or plastic covers. 2. Non Adhesive Dressings Readymade sterile dressing: The dressing consists of layers of gauze covered by a paid of cotton wool with an attached roller bandage to hold it in position. The dressing is endorsed and sealed in protective covering and is supplied in various sizes. Gauze dressing: Gauze in layers is commonly used as a dressing for large wounds as it is very absorbent, soft a
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY 1. STRUCTURE The skeleton supports the framework of human body. It consists of bones that are separated and joined together by way of muscles, ligaments and cartilage. There are many parts in the skeleton. They are: Skull - It is the skeleton of head and it is made out of Dome, Frontal, pariatals, temporals, occipital and upper jaw. Spine or back bone - There are 33 rounded pieces of bones. Each bone called as vertebra which is placed one above the other. Breast bone and ribs - 12 pairs of ribs are present and are attached to vertebra at the back region. Upper limbs - The bones of upper limbs are humerous and forearm bones. In forearm bones there are two bones. They are Radius and Ulna. Pelvis lower limbs - Two hip bones joined together form the pelvis. It is in the form of basin shaped cavity that contain intestines, reproductive organs and urinary bladder. On both side of pelvis there are two socket
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID 1. First aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of an accident or sudden illness, before medical help is obtained. 2. The Aims of First Aid First aid has three main aims: They are as follows To preserve life To promote recovery, and To prevent worsening of the casualty's condition. Arrange transportation to hospital, if necessary. First aid is based on scientific medicine and surgery. It is skilled assistance. But the First Aider is not a doctor. After the doctor takes charge the First Aider's responsibility ends. He can then stand by to help the doctor. The First Aider should observe carefully, think clearly, and act quickly. He should ask someone to call a doctor or inform hospital immediately giving some details of cases involved. While waiting for the doctor, he should give First aid methodically. 3. The Scope of First Aid The first Aider should examine the casualty to know the d