STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY

1. STRUCTURE

The skeleton supports the framework of human body.  It consists of bones that are separated and joined together by way of muscles, ligaments and cartilage.

There are many parts in the skeleton.  They are:

  • Skull - It is the skeleton of head and it is made out of Dome, Frontal, pariatals, temporals, occipital and upper jaw.
  • Spine or back bone - There are 33 rounded pieces of bones.  Each bone called as vertebra which is placed one above the other.
  • Breast bone and ribs - 12 pairs of ribs are present and are attached to vertebra at the back region.  
  • Upper limbs - The bones of upper limbs are humerous and forearm bones.  In forearm bones there are two bones.  They are Radius and Ulna.  
  • Pelvis  lower limbs - Two hip bones joined together form the pelvis.  It is in the form of basin shaped cavity that contain intestines, reproductive organs and urinary bladder.  On both side of pelvis there are two sockets where the thigh bones join forming the hip joint.  


2. Thigh bone or femur

 Thigh bone or Femur is the strongest and longest bone in the human body.

3. Joints

 Joints are the junctions of bones.  In the skull there will not be any movement  but there are movements in the hip joints, shoulder, elbow and knee.

4. Muscles

 Muscles are flesh that are primarily meant to produce movements of limbs and organs.  There are two types of muscles that are present.  They are voluntary muscles that can cause movements under the dictates of will and involuntary muscles are like those found in the region of hearty that continue to work even without the dictates of will.

5. Stimuli and Nerves

 Muscles go into action of contraction by the stimuli of nerves that are arising from human brain and spinal cord that carry motor impulses.

6. Ligaments

 Ligaments are the thickened parts of joint capsule.  Its work is to check movements or permissible limbs.  If there is any injury to the ligaments in the joints, then it is called as sprain.

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